The Global Innovation
Index 2016

Winning with Global Innovation

The Global Innovation Index (GII) aims to capture the
multi-dimensional facets of innovation and provide the tools
that can assist in tailoring policies to promote long-term
output growth, improved productivity, and job growth.
The Global Innovation
Index 2016

Winning with Global Innovation

The Global Innovation Index (GII) aims to capture the
multi-dimensional facets of innovation and provide the tools
that can assist in tailoring policies to promote long-term
output growth, improved productivity, and job growth.
The Global Innovation
Index 2016

Winning with Global Innovation

The Global Innovation Index (GII) aims to capture the
multi-dimensional facets of innovation and provide the tools
that can assist in tailoring policies to promote long-term
output growth, improved productivity, and job growth.
The Global Innovation
Index 2016

Winning with Global Innovation

The Global Innovation Index (GII) aims to capture the
multi-dimensional facets of innovation and provide the tools
that can assist in tailoring policies to promote long-term
output growth, improved productivity, and job growth.

Welcome to Global Innovation Index

The Global Innovation Index (GII) aims to capture the multi-dimensional facets of innovation and provide the tools that can assist in tailoring policies to promote long-term output growth, improved productivity, and job growth. The GII helps to create an environment in which innovation factors are continually evaluated. It provides a key tool and a rich database of detailed metrics for economies, which in 2015 encompassed 141 economies, representing 95.1% of the world’s population and 98.6% of global GDP.

The Global Innovation Index 2016 (GII), in its 9th edition this year, is co-published by Cornell University, INSEAD, and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO, an agency of the United Nations).

The core of the GII Report consists of a ranking of world economies’ innovation capabilities and results. Over the last nine years, the GII has established itself as a leading reference on innovation.

Top 10 Ranking Indicators

ICT services exports

Indicators Description

ICT services exports

Communication, computer and information services exports (% of total trade) according to the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification EBOPS 2002, including codes 245 Communications services (postal, courier services, and telecommunications services) and 262 Computer and information services, as a percentage of total trade. 401 THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2014 III: Sources and Definitions
Domestic Market Scale

Indicators Description

Domestic Market Scale

The domestic market size is measured by gross domestic product (GDP) based on the purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of country GDP, in current international dollar (billions).
Growth Rate of GDP Per Person Engaged

Indicators Description

Growth Rate of GDP Per Person Engaged

Growth of gross domestic product (GDP) per person engaged provides a measure of labour productivity (defined as output per unit of labour input). GDP per person employed is GDP divided by total employment in the economy. PPP$ GDP is converted to 1990 constant international dollars using PPP rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP that a US dollar has in the United States of America.
Ease of Protecting Minority Investors

Indicators Description

Ease of Protecting Minority Investors

The ranking is the simple average of the percentile rankings on the component indicators of the ease of protecting investors index: the extent of disclosure index(0–10); the extent of director liability index (0–10); the ease of shareholder suits index (0–10); and the strength of investor protection index (0–10). Doing Business measures the strength of minority shareholder protections against directors’ misuse of corporate assets for personal gain. The indicators distinguish three dimensions of investor protections: transparency of related-party transactions (extent of disclosure index), liability for self-dealing (extent of director liability index), and shareholders’ ability to sue officers and directors for misconduct (ease of shareholder suits index). The data come from a survey of corporate and securities lawyers and are based on securities regulations, company laws, civil procedure codes, and court rules of evidence. Refer to indicator 1.3.1 for details regarding the distance to frontier measure. Note: The methodology was improved for Doing Business 2015, which has affected the year-on-year comparability of these indicators. Read about the changes at http://www.doingbusiness.org/methodology/methodology-note
Graduates in Science and Engineering

Indicators Description

Graduates in Science and Engineering

The share of all tertiary graduates in manufacturing, engineering, and construction over all tertiary graduates.
Creative Goods Exports

Indicators Description

Creative Goods Exports

Total value of creative goods exports, net of re-exports (current US$) over total trade. ‘Total trade’ is defined as the sum of total imports code G100 goods and code S200CS commercial services (excluding government services) plus total exports of code G100 goods and code S200CS commercial services (excluding government services), divided by 2. According to the fifth edition of the International Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments Manual, the category ‘goods’ covers general merchandise, goods for processing, repairs on goods, goods procured in ports by carriers, and nonmonetary gold. The ‘commercial services’ category is defined as being equal to ‘services’ minus ‘government services, not included elsewhere’.
Gross Capital Formation

Indicators Description

Gross Capital Formation

Ratio of total gross capital formation in current local currency to GDP in current local currency. Gross capital formation or investment is measured by the total value of the gross fixed capital formation and changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables for a unit or sector, on the basis of the System of National Accounts (SNA) of 1993. Gross fixed capital formation consists of outlays on additions to the fixed assets of the economy plus net changes in the level of inventories. Fixed assets include land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. Inventories are stocks of goods held by firms to meet temporary or unexpected fluctuations in production or sales and ‘work in progress’. Net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation.
Global R&D Companies, Average Expenditure Top 3

Indicators Description

Global R&D Companies, Average Expenditure Top 3

Average expenditure on R&D of the top three global companies. If a country has fewer than three global companies listed, the figure is either the average of the sum of the two companies listed or the total for a single listed company. A score of zero is given to countries with no listed companies.
QS university Ranking Average Score Top 3 Universities

Indicators Description

QS university Ranking Average Score Top 3 Universities

Average score of the top three universities per country. If fewer than three universities are listed in the QS ranking of the global top 700 universities, the sum of the scores of the listed universities is divided by three, thus implying a score of zero for the non-listed universities.
Total Value of Stocks Traded

Indicators Description

Total Value of Stocks Traded

Total value of shares traded during the period. This indicator complements the market capitalization ratio by showing whether market size is matched by trading.